At first read, this sounds like a DNS problem.
On the MacBook, open Terminal.app window and type
dig google.com
you should see something like this:
[...]
;; ANSWER SECTION:
google.com. 137 IN A 142.251.34.78
;; Query time: 7 msec
;; SERVER: 192.168.1.1#53(192.168.1.1)
[...]
This tells us
(A) DNS Is working (because the IP address of 142.251.34.78 was found
(B) The DNS server that provided the answer - in this case it’s my Peplink router which is at 192.168.1.1, since I have DNS Proxy enabled on my router (an older Balance One, which is not that different from your B One).
Could you run this and paste your results?
Another idea: perhaps this very-locked-down laptop is using DOH (DNS over HTTPS) and it’s failing ? See related discussion: