I just skimmed this thread, but there’s issues with Quad9 and DoH, they retired http/1.1 which is the only thing Peplink supports.
The question for me would then be if the B One is failing as a DNS proxy, why are your other devices working.
When you gave the initial problem, my first thought was the DNS tab in the network settings. I’ve had similar issues with McBooks, when I leave a DNS entry in there by mistake.
My debugging would be using tcpdump on the MacBook, and packet capture on the B One (from the hidden support page). If you get the B One to capture packets, they can be interpreted by tcpdump on the Mac, it’s a surprisingly powerful tool.